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The Administrator also grants restricted rights and permissions for the Guest account. To help prevent unauthorized access:. Do not grant the Guest account the Shut down the system user right.

When a computer is shutting down or starting up, it is possible that a Guest user or anyone with local access, such as a malicious user, could gain unauthorized access to the computer. Do not provide the Guest account with the ability to view the event logs. After the Guest account is enabled, it is a best practice to monitor this account frequently to ensure that other users cannot use services and other resources, such as resources that were unintentionally left available by a previous user.

Do not use the Guest account when the server has external network access or access to other computers. If you decide to enable the Guest account, be sure to restrict its use, and to change the password regularly. As with the Administrator account, you might want to rename the account as an added security precaution. In addition, an administrator is responsible for managing the Guest account.

The administrator monitors the Guest account, disables the Guest account when it is no longer in use, and changes or removes the password as needed. The HelpAssistant account is a default local account that is enabled when a Remote Assistance session is run. This account is automatically disabled when no Remote Assistance requests are pending. HelpAssistant is the primary account that is used to establish a Remote Assistance session.

The Remote Assistance session is used to connect to another computer running the Windows operating system, and it is initiated by invitation. For solicited remote assistance, a user sends an invitation from their computer, through e-mail or as a file, to a person who can provide assistance. This group includes all users who sign in to a server with Remote Desktop Services enabled.

This group includes all users who connect to the computer by using a remote desktop connection. This group is a subset of the Interactive group. For the Windows Server operating system, Remote Assistance is an optional component that is not installed by default. You must install Remote Assistance before it can be used.

No Safe to move out of default container? Can be moved out, but we do not recommend it. Safe to delegate management of this group to non-Service admins? This account cannot be deleted, and the account name cannot be changed. Windows Server Kerberos authentication is achieved by the use of a special Kerberos ticket-granting ticket TGT enciphered with a symmetric key.

This key is derived from the password of the server or service to which access is requested. Like any privileged service accounts, organizations should change these passwords on a regular schedule. The password for the KDC account is used to derive a secret key for encrypting and decrypting the TGT requests that are issued. The password for a domain trust account is used to derive an inter-realm key for encrypting referral tickets. Resetting the password requires you either to be a member of the Domain Admins group, or to have been delegated with the appropriate authority.

In addition, you must be a member of the local Administrators group, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. It is also a best practice to reset the KRBTGT account password to ensure that a newly restored domain controller does not replicate with a compromised domain controller.

In this case, in a large forest recovery that is spread across multiple locations, you cannot guarantee that all domain controllers are shut down, and if they are shut down, they cannot be rebooted again before all of the appropriate recovery steps have been performed.

After you reset the KRBTGT account, another domain controller cannot replicate this account password by using an old password. An organization suspecting domain compromise of the KRBTGT account should consider the use of professional incident response services. The impact to restore the ownership of the account is domain-wide, labor intensive, and should be undertaken as part of a larger recovery effort. Resetting the KRBTGT password is similar to renewing the root CA certificate with a new key and immediately not trusting the old key, resulting in almost all subsequent Kerberos operations will be affected.

All the TGTs that are already issued and distributed will be invalid because the DCs will reject them. When the password changes, the tickets become invalid. All currently authenticated sessions that logged on users have established based on their service tickets to a resource such as a file share, SharePoint site, or Exchange server are good until the service ticket is required to reauthenticate.

Because it is impossible to predict the specific errors that will occur for any given user in a production operating environment, you must assume all computers and users will be affected. Rebooting a computer is the only reliable way to recover functionality as this will cause both the computer account and user accounts to log back in again. After an account is successfully authenticated, the RODC determines if a user's credentials or a computer's credentials, can be replicated from the writable domain controller to the RODC by using the Password Replication Policy.

Each default local account in Active Directory has several account settings that you can use to configure password settings and security-specific information, as described in the following table:. Account is disabled Prevents the user from signing in with the selected account. As an administrator, you can use disabled accounts as templates for common user accounts. Smart card is required for interactive logon Requires that a user has a smart card to sign on to the network interactively.

The user must also have a smart card reader attached to their computer and a valid personal identification number PIN for the smart card.

When this attribute is applied on the account, the effect is as follows: The attribute only restricts initial authentication for interactive logon and Remote Desktop logon. When interactive or Remote Desktop logon requires a subsequent network logon, such as with a domain credential, an NT Hash provided by the domain controller is used to complete the smartcard authentication process. This invalidates the use of any previously configured passwords for the account.

The value does not change after that unless a new password is set or the attribute is disabled and re-enabled. Accounts with this attribute cannot be used to start services or run scheduled tasks. Account is trusted for delegation Lets a service running under this account to perform operations on behalf of other user accounts on the network.

A service running under a user account also known as a service account that is trusted for delegation can impersonate a client to gain access to resources, either on the computer where the service is running or on other computers.

For example, in a forest that is set to the Windows Server functional level, this setting is found on the Delegation tab. It is available only for accounts that have been assigned service principal names SPNs , which are set by using the setspn command from Windows Support Tools. This setting is security-sensitive and should be assigned cautiously. Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated Gives control over a user account, such as for a Guest account or a temporary account.

This option can be used if this account cannot be assigned for delegation by another account. Do not require Kerberos preauthentication Provides support for alternate implementations of the Kerberos protocol. Because preauthentication provides additional security, use caution when enabling this option. Domain controllers running Windows or Windows Server can use other mechanisms to synchronize time.

DES is not enabled by default in Windows Server operating systems starting with Windows Server R2, nor in Windows client operating systems starting with Windows 7. If your environment requires DES, then this setting might affect compatibility with client computers or services and applications in your environment.

After the default local accounts are installed, these accounts reside in the Users container in Active Directory Users and Computers.

You can use Active Directory Users and Computers to assign rights and permissions on a given local domain controller, and that domain controller only, to limit the ability of local users and groups to perform certain actions. A right authorizes a user to perform certain actions on a computer, such as backing up files and folders or shutting down a computer. In contrast, an access permission is a rule that is associated with an object, usually a file, folder, or printer that regulates which users can have access to the object and in what manner.

For more information about creating and managing local user accounts in Active Directory, see Manage Local Users.

You can also use Active Directory Users and Computers on a domain controller to target remote computers that are not domain controllers on the network. You can obtain recommendations from Microsoft for domain controller configurations that you can distribute by using the Security Compliance Manager SCM tool. For more information, see Microsoft Security Compliance Manager. Some of the default local user accounts are protected by a background process that periodically checks and applies a specific security descriptor, which is a data structure that contains security information that is associated with a protected object.

This means, when you want to modify the permissions on a service administrator group or on any of its member accounts, you are also required to modify the security descriptor on the AdminSDHolder object. This approach ensures that the permissions are applied consistently. Be careful when you make these modifications, because this action can also affect the default settings that are applied to all of your protected administrative accounts.

Restricting and protecting domain accounts in your domain environment requires you to adopt and implement the following best practices approach:. Member accounts in the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admins groups in a domain or forest are high-value targets for malicious users.

It is a best practice to strictly limit membership to these administrator groups to the smallest number of accounts in order to limit any exposure. Restricting membership in these groups reduces the possibility that an administrator might unintentionally misuse these credentials and create a vulnerability that malicious users can exploit. Moreover, it is a best practice to stringently control where and how sensitive domain accounts are used. Restrict the use of Domain Admins accounts and other administrator accounts to prevent them from being used to sign in to management systems and workstations that are secured at the same level as the managed systems.

After that, we can proceed to the second step. Here is how to do it. This means we can install it via the Optional Features section. This action will open the Windows Optional Features tool. Steps As soon as you do that, Windows will enable the Active Directory feature. Keep in mind that the OS might automatically download necessary or missing files and updates required by Active Directory.

Step Finally, close all windows and reboot the computer to apply the changes. That is it. After rebooting, the Active Directory feature is enabled, and you can start using it immediately. The hard drive with Windows installed on it will have the Windows logo on the drive icon, and is typically the C: drive. Find your other drives and devices. If you have any other hard drives installed, they'll also appear in the "Hard Disk Drives" or "Devices and drives" section.

If you have any USB devices or drives connected, you'll find them listed in the "Devices with Removable Storage" or "Devices and drives" section. You can also expand the "Computer" or "This PC" entry in the left sidebar to see all of your connected drives and devices.

Access your user folders. Your user folders will appear at the top of the window in Windows 10 and 8. These folders include your Documents, Pictures, Downloads, and more. The majority of the files and folders you'll be dealing with on a day-to-day basis can likely be found in these user folders. Method 2. Double-click a drive or folder to open it. You'll see all of the folder's contents in the window. Click the Back and Forward arrows at the top of the Window.

This will take you back to your previous location, or forward if you have already gone back. Click the Up arrow to go up one directory level Windows You'll find this button next to the Back and Forward arrows. This will take you to the parent directory for your current location. Click the address bar to view the current location. If you need to exact path to the current folder, click an empty spot in the address bar and the full path will be highlighted for you to copy.

Right-click a folder for more options. The right-click menu has a lot of different options, and installing programs may add more. Select "Open in a new window" to open the selected folder in a separate window. This can be useful for moving items between two folders. Select "Pin to taskbar" to add an often-used folder to your Windows taskbar. This can make it easy to access the folder at any time. Enable hidden files.

If you need to see hidden files, you'll need to unhide them: Windows 10 and 8 - Click the View tab in any folder window. Check the "Hidden items" box. Windows 7 - Click the Organize button and select "Folder and search options. Method 3. You can start a search directly from the Start menu. Type the name of the file or folder you're searching for.

You can also type an extension to search for all files of that, such as "docx" for Word documents. Click a result to open it. If the result is a file, it will open in its default program.

If it's a folder, the folder will open in a new window. If it's a program, the program will launch. Click a results section header to view all matching results. For example, if you have lots of documents that share the search term, clicking the Documents header will display all of the results that match.